What this table shows
Residential solar needs two approvals: the building permit from the jurisdiction and interconnection from the utility. This page covers the second, for 100 US utilities in NREL’s SolarTRACE data (September 2025 release). Of these, 89 require approval before the system is built, 60 take applications through an online portal, and 52 have a response time set by rule rather than by the utility’s own policy.
- Approval before install: whether the utility must approve the interconnection application before construction starts.
- Apply via: how the application is submitted.
- Fee: whether there is an application fee and whether it can be paid online.
- Utility response: how long the utility has to respond to an application, and whether that is set by regulation or voluntary.
- System size cap: a limit on system size as a share of the home’s annual usage, where the utility has one.
- Capacity map: whether the utility publishes a hosting capacity map showing where the grid can take more solar.
Rules change with tariffs and commission orders. Confirm current requirements with the utility before you apply, and see permit requirements by jurisdiction for the building-permit side.
Arizona
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arizona Public Service Co (APS) | Required | Portal | No fee | 5 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Not on record |
| Salt River Project (SRP) | Required | Portal | No fee | 5 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Not on record |
| Tucson Electric Power Co (TEP) | Required | Portal | No fee | 5 days (required by rule) | 125% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map |
California
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| City of Alameda Municipal Power | Not required | No online payment | — | No size cap on record | Not on record | |
| City of Anaheim Public Utilities (APU) | Required | — | — | — | 100% of annual usage | Not on record |
| City of Banning Electric Utility | Required | In Person | No online payment | 45 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record |
| City of Burbank Water and Power | Required | — | — | 100% of annual usage | Not on record | |
| City of Colton Electric Utility | Required | Portal | — | 10 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record |
| City of Glendale Water & Power | Required | Portal | — | — | 100% of annual usage | Not on record |
| City of Moreno Valley - (CA) | Required | No fee | 2 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record | |
| City of Palo Alto - (CA) | Required | No online payment | 10 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record | |
| City of Pasadena (PWP) | Required | Portal | No online payment | 15 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record |
| City of Riverside Public Utilities | Not required | No fee | — | 100% of annual usage | Not on record | |
| City of Roseville Electric Utility | Required | No fee | 15 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record | |
| City of Santa Clara - (CA) | Required | — | — | 100% of annual usage | Not on record | |
| Imperial Irrigation District (IID) | Required | No online payment | 10 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record | |
| Los Angeles Department of Water & Power (LADWP) | Not required | Portal | No fee | — | No size cap on record | Not on record |
| Modesto Irrigation District (MID) | Required | No online payment | — | 100% of annual usage | Not on record | |
| Pacific Gas & Electric Co. (PG&E) | Not required | Portal | Online payment | 2 days (voluntary) | 110% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map |
| Sacramento Municipal Util Dist (SMUD) | Required | Portal | No fee | 10 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record |
| San Diego Gas & Electric Co (SDGE) | Not required | Portal | Online payment | 1 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map |
| Southern California Edison Co (SCE) | Not required | Portal | Online payment | 3 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map |
Colorado
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| City of Colorado Springs - (CO) | Required | No fee | 10 days (required by rule) | 120% of annual usage | Not on record | |
| City of Fort Collins - (CO) | Required | No fee | 10 days (required by rule) | 120% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map | |
| City of Longmont | Required | Portal | Online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | 120% of annual usage | Not on record |
| Intermountain Rural Elec Assn (IREA) / CORE | Required | No fee | 10 days (required by rule) | 120% of annual usage | Not on record | |
| Mountain View Elec Assn, Inc (MVEA) | Required | Online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Not on record | |
| Poudre Valley REA, Inc (PVREA) | Required | No online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | 120% of annual usage | Not on record | |
| Public Service Co of Colorado (XCEL Energy) | Required | Portal | No online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | 120% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map |
| United Power, Inc | Required | — | 10 days (required by rule) | 120% of annual usage | Not on record |
Connecticut
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Connecticut Light & Power Co (CL&P / Eversource) | Required | Portal | Online payment | 15 days (voluntary) | No size cap on record | Hosting capacity map |
| United Illuminating Co (UIC) | Required | No online payment | 15 days (voluntary) | No size cap on record | Yes |
Delaware
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delmarva Power | Required | Portal | Online payment | 5 days (voluntary) | 110% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map |
District of Columbia
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Potomac Electric Power Co (PEPCO) | Required | Portal | Online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | 100% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map |
Florida
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Energy Florida, LLC (Progress Energy) | Not required | Portal | No fee | 10 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record |
| Florida Power & Light Co (FPL) | Required | Portal | No fee | 19 days (required by rule) | 115% of annual usage | Not on record |
| Orlando Utilities Comm (OUC) | Required | Portal | No fee | 10 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Not on record |
| Sumter Electric Coop, Inc (SECO Energy) | Required | Portal | — | — | — | Not on record |
| Tampa Electric Co (TECO) | Required | Portal | No fee | 10 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Not on record |
| Withlacoochee River Elec Coop (WREC) | Required | No fee | 10 days (required by rule) | 90% of annual usage | Not on record |
Hawaii
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hawaii Electric Light Co Inc (HELCO) | Required | Portal | — | 5 days (required by rule) | 120% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map |
| Hawaiian Electric Co Inc (HECO) | Required | — | 5 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Hosting capacity map | |
| Kauai Island Utility Cooperative (KIUC) | Required | No fee | 5 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record | |
| Maui Electric Co Ltd (MECO) | Required | Portal | — | 5 days (required by rule) | — | Hosting capacity map |
Illinois
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| City of Naperville - (IL) | Required | In Person | No fee | 10 days (voluntary) | 120% of annual usage | Not on record |
| Commonwealth Edison Co (ComEd) | Required | Portal | Online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | 110% of annual usage | Yes |
Maryland
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baltimore Gas & Electric Co (BGE) | Required | No fee | 5 days (required by rule) | 200% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map | |
| Choptank Electric Coop, Inc | Required | Portal | No online payment | 5 days (voluntary) | 200% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map |
| Delmarva Power | Required | Portal | Online payment | 5 days (voluntary) | — | Hosting capacity map |
| Potomac Electric Power Co (PEPCO) | Required | Portal | No fee | 5 days (voluntary) | 200% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map |
| Southern Maryland Elec Coop Inc (SMECO) | Required | Portal | Online payment | 5 days (required by rule) | 200% of annual usage | Not on record |
| The Potomac Edison Company (PE) | Required | No fee | 5 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Not on record |
Massachusetts
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fitchburg Gas & Elec Light Co (FG&E / Unitil) | Required | Portal | No online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Hosting capacity map |
| Massachusetts Electric Co (National Grid) | Required | Portal | Online payment | 3 days (voluntary) | No size cap on record | Yes |
| NSTAR Electric Company (Boston Edision) | Required | Portal | No fee | 3 days (voluntary) | No size cap on record | Yes |
| Western Massachusetts Electric Company (WMECO / Eversource) | Required | No fee | 10 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Yes |
Nevada
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nevada Power Co (NV Energy South) | Not required | Portal | No online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record |
| Sierra Pacific Power Co (NV Energy North) | Not required | Portal | No online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record |
| Valley Electric Assn, Inc | Required | No online payment | 5 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record |
New Hampshire
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberty Utilities (LU, Granite State Electric) | Required | No online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Not on record | |
| Public Service Co of NH (PSNH / Eversource) | Required | No fee | 2 days (voluntary) | No size cap on record | Not on record | |
| Unitil Energy Systems | Required | Portal | No online payment | 10 days (voluntary) | No size cap on record | Not on record |
New Jersey
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atlantic City Electric Co (ACE) | Required | Portal | No fee | 25 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map |
| City of Vineland - (NJ) (VMEU) | Required | No online payment | 10 days (voluntary) | 90% of annual usage | Not on record | |
| Jersey Central Power & Lt Co (JCPL / FirstEnergy) | Required | Portal | No online payment | 3 days (required by rule) | 100% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map |
| Public Service Elec & Gas Co (PSE&G) | Required | No fee | 3 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map | |
| Rockland Electric Co (RECO / Orange & Rockland) | Required | Portal | No fee | 3 days (required by rule) | 100% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map |
New Mexico
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public Service Co of NM (PNM) | Required | No online payment | 10 days (voluntary) | 120% of annual usage | Not on record |
New York
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central Hudson Gas & Elec Corp | Required | Portal | No fee | 2 days (voluntary) | No size cap on record | Hosting capacity map |
| Consolidated Edison Co-NY Inc (ConEd) | Required | Portal | No fee | 10 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Hosting capacity map |
| Long Island Power Authority (LIPA / PSEG LI) | Required | Portal | No online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Hosting capacity map |
| New York State Elec & Gas Corp (NYSEG) | Required | Portal | No fee | 10 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Hosting capacity map |
| Niagara Mohawk Power Corp. (National Grid) | Required | Portal | No fee | 10 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Yes |
| Orange & Rockland Utils Inc | Required | Portal | No fee | 5 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Hosting capacity map |
North Carolina
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC | Required | Portal | Online payment | 3 days (voluntary) | No size cap on record | Not on record |
Ohio
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AEP Energy | Required | Portal | Online payment | 15 days (required by rule) | Yes | Utility page |
| Duke Energy Ohio Inc | Required | Portal | Online payment | 15 days (required by rule) | Yes | Utility page |
Oregon
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Portland General Electric Co (PGE) | Required | Portal | No online payment | 3 days (voluntary) | No size cap on record | Yes |
Pennsylvania
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duquesne Light Co | Required | Portal | No online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | 110% of annual usage | Not on record |
| Metropolitan Edison Co (MetEd) | Required | Portal | No online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | 110% of annual usage | Not on record |
| PECO Energy Co | Required | No online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | 110% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map | |
| PPL Electric Utilities Corp | Required | Portal | Online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | 101% of annual usage | Not on record |
Rhode Island
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Narragansett Electric Co (National Grid) | Required | Portal | No online payment | 3 days (voluntary) | 110% of annual usage | Hosting capacity map |
South Carolina
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dominion Energy South Carolina, Inc / SC Electric & Gas Company (SCE&G) | Required | Portal | Online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record |
| Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC | Required | Portal | Online payment | 3 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record |
| Laurens Electric Coop, Inc | Required | No online payment | 10 days (required by rule) | — | Not on record |
Texas
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austin Energy | Required | Portal | No fee | 5 days (voluntary) | 110% of annual usage | Not on record |
| Centerpoint Energy | Required | Portal | No fee | 20 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Not on record |
| El Paso Electric Co | Required | Portal | Online payment | 8 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record |
| MP2 Energy LLC | Required | — | — | 20 days (required by rule) | — | Not on record |
| Oncor Electric Delivery Company LLC | Not required | Portal | No fee | 20 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Not on record |
| Pedernales Electric Coop, Inc (PEC) | Required | Online form | — | — | — | Not on record |
Utah
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lehi City Corporation | Required | — | 15 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Yes | |
| PacifiCorp (Pacific Power) | Required | Online payment | 15 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Not on record |
Vermont
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| City of Burlington Electric Department | Not required | Portal | No fee | 10 days (required by rule) | Recommended | Utility page |
| Green Mountain Power Corp | Required | Portal | No fee | 10 days (voluntary) | Recommended | Not on record |
| Vermont Electric Cooperative, Inc | Required | Portal | No fee | 10 days (required by rule) | Recommended | Not on record |
Virginia
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northern Virginia Elec Coop (NOVEC) | Required | No fee | 10 days (required by rule) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record | |
| Virginia Electric & Power Co (VEPCO / Dominion) | Required | No fee | 10 days (required by rule) | No size cap on record | Not on record |
Wisconsin
| Utility | Approval before install | Apply via | Fee | Utility response | System size cap | Capacity map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wisconsin Electric Power Co (WE Energies) | Required | No fee | 5 days (voluntary) | 100% of annual usage | Not on record |